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Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding, Grades 6-8
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Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding, Grades 6-8
Common Holes and Misconceptions and What To Do About Them



September 2017 | 408 pages | Corwin

Being an effective math educator is one part based on the quality of the tasks we give, one part how we diagnose what we see, and one part what we do with what we find. Yet with so many students and big concepts to cover, it can be hard to slow down enough to look for those moments when students’ responses tell us what we need to know about next best steps. In this remarkable book, John SanGiovanni and Jennifer Rose Novak help us value our students’ misconceptions and incomplete understandings as much as their correct ones—because it’s the gap in their understanding today that holds the secrets to planning tomorrow’s best teaching.

The authors lay out 180 high-quality tasks aligned to the standards and big ideas of Grades 6–8 mathematics, including number systems, integers, ratio and proportion, equations and expressions, geometry, and statistics and probability. The tasks are all downloadable so you can use or modify them for instruction and assessment. Each big idea offers a starting task followed by:

  • what makes it a high-quality task
  • what you might anticipate before students work with the task
  • four student examples of the completed task showcasing a distinct “gap”
  • commentary on what precisely counts for mathematical understanding and the next instructional steps
  • commentary on the misconception or incomplete understanding so you learn why the student veered off course
  • three additional tasks aligned to the mathematics topic and ideas about what students might do with these additional tasks

It’s time to break our habit of rushing into re-teaching for correctness and instead get curious about the space between right and wrong answers. Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding is a book you will return to again and again to get better at selecting tasks that will uncover students’ reasoning, better at discerning the quality and clarity of students’ understanding, and better at planning teaching based on the gaps you see. 


 
Big Ideas and Tasks at a Glance
 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Authors
 
Introduction
 
Chapter 1. Rich Mathematics Tasks, Student Misconceptions, Using Tasks
Prompts With Purpose: Using High-Quality Tasks

 
Using Quality Tasks

 
Reflecting on Chapter 1

 
 
Chapter 2. Number Systems
 
Big Ideas
1. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

 
2. Multiplication and Division of Fractions

 
3. Reasoning About Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

 
4. Reasoning About Multiplication and Division of Fractions

 
5. Problem Solving With Fractions

 
6. Decimals as Numbers

 
7. Addition and Subtraction With Decimals

 
8. Multiplication and Division With Decimals

 
 
Chapter 3. Integers
 
Big Ideas
9. Representing Integers

 
10. Representing Integers on Number Lines

 
11. More Representing Integers on Number Lines

 
12. Comparing Integers

 
13. Addition With Integers

 
14. Subtraction With Integers

 
15. Multiplication With Integers

 
16. Division With Integers

 
 
Chapter 4. Ratio, Proportion, and Percent
 
Big Ideas
17. Representing Ratios

 
18. Equivalent Ratios

 
19. Unit Rates

 
20. Using Ratios to Solve Problems

 
21. Reasoning With Percents

 
22. Unit Rate as Slope

 
 
Chapter 5. Expressions, Equations, and Functions
 
Big Ideas
23. Writing Expressions

 
24. Evaluating Expressions

 
25. Equivalent Expressions

 
26. Writing Equations

 
27. Solving Equations

 
28. Inequalities

 
29. Function Tables

 
30. Reasoning About Graphing

 
31. Comparing Functions

 
32. Systems of Equations

 
 
Chapter 6. Geometry
 
Big Ideas
33. Area of Composite Figures

 
34. Nets and Three-Dimensional Figures

 
35. Surface Area and Volume

 
36. Volume of Cylinders and Cones

 
37. Angle Relationships

 
38. Transformations, Similarity, and Congruence

 
39. Distance and Pythagorean Theorem

 
 
Chapter 7. Statistics
 
Big Ideas
40. Univariate Categorical Data

 
41. Univariate Quantitative Data

 
42. Displays of Univariate Quantitative Data

 
43. Deviations From the Mean

 
44. Bivariate Categorical Data

 
45. Bivariate Quantitative Data

 
 
Chapter 8. What Do We Do Next?
 
References and Additional Resources

“Wow! This book is a treasure trove for middle school teachers and those who support middle level mathematics education. The tasks presented are top notch, the student work is illustrative of classrooms, and the suggestions for how to respond are incredible! Each of these three would make a great resource—to have them all blended together is outstanding.”

Kevin Dykema
Mattawan Middle School, Mattawan, MI

“Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding provides the framework and guidance teachers need to move beyond finding correct answers to dig deeply into the mine of student thinking, to analyze misconceptions and gaps in understanding, and to develop and implement specific strategies to support every student in deep mathematics learning. Every teacher of mathematics needs this amazing resource to learn to mine the gaps for each of their students!”

Becky M. Walker
Cooperative Educational Services Agency #7, Green Bay, WI

“This work does what other books only attempt to do. It combines instruction, assessment, and practice with open-ended and rich tasks that allow for teachers to not only immediately implement the ideas but also understand the content and pedagogy behind them. The tasks, which are immediately implementable and customizable, engage each and every learner. They are based on cutting-edge and research-based instructional frameworks and provide countless learning opportunities for students.”

Zachary Champagne
Florida Center for Research in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics at Florida State University

“Mine the Gap is a great tool for teachers to use to grow their own understanding of student misconceptions and incomplete understandings and how to address them. This is an indispensable resource for all involved in supporting students’ growth in mathematics.”

Nathan Rosin
Sun Prairie Area School District

“More than just a nice collection of problems, this book shares a road map for teachers looking to enhance the quality of the math tasks they use with students. Teachers will appreciate the examples of actual student work paired with tips for analysis and instruction.”

Delise Andrews
Lincoln (NE) Public Schools

“This book helps navigate how to use student work to drive instruction with rich engaging tasks, which will help all students become better mathematicians. The authors have done an excellent job of helping teachers to carefully look at student work to identify how students solved math problems, using this evidence to identify those students who understand the targeted skill, along with the misconceptions or misunderstandings of other students, with suggestions of how to move all students forward in their thinking.”

Cynthia Baumann
Omaha Public Schools

Helpful examples of student work that illustrate common misconceptions.

Mr Andre ChenFeng
Teacher Education, Claremont Graduate University
January 31, 2023

Fits course objectives and outcomes.

Melina Alexander
Teacher Education Dept, Weber State University
September 20, 2021
Key features

·         180 Rich Tasks teachers can choose from and implement immediately;

·         Organized around math’s “big ideas” for grades 6-8 the number systems, integers, ratio and proportion, equations and expressions, geometry, and statistics and probability;

·         Written by a teacher’s teacher in a friendly, accessible style;

·         180 examples of student work used to walk teachers through analysis of misconceptions and incomplete understandings;

·         Highly templated and designed for easy use;

·         Additional rich tasks provided as blackline masters through a companion website;

·         Guidance around adapting tasks for differentiation and grade levels and avoiding common teacher misunderstandings and misinterpretations,

For instructors

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