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Preventing Prejudice
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Preventing Prejudice
A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents

Second Edition


March 2006 | 392 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
"A unique and refreshing book that tackles two of the most interrelated and problematic issues in our society: prejudice and racism.  The First Edition was unanimously acclaimed as a major contribution to the field and this second edition is destined to be a classic.  It represents one of the most clear, concise and honest looks at the origins, manifestations, dynamics and psychological costs of prejudice and racism written thus far.  This is truly a superb book that makes a major contribution to the field and should be read by everyone." -- Derald Wing Sue, Ph.D., Teachers College, Columbia University  

"This text is an authentic expression and plea that challenges each of us to build alliances across demographic boundaries in order to fight an insidious social disease.  Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen succeed in dislodging us from our comfortable categories of intellectual, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual apathy, and invite us to transcend the amount of social disappointment and despair and strive towards a more hopeful and optimistic future." -- Thomas A. Parham, Ph.D., Distinguished Psychologist, Association of Black Psychologists                           

"A critical resource book for educators, counselors, and parents to learn more about how to handle prejudice, and should be required reading for all of us who work with diverse populations.  It is a powerful book that helps us to see that we can make a difference in fighting prejudice." --Nadya A. Fouad, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee

"An impressive, deliberate and problem-oriented second edition.  Prejudice has no boundaries and spares no one.  Preventing Prejudice offers hope and resources to all of us, counselors, educators, and parents.  We are all agents of change."
 --Patricia Arredondo, Ed.D., Arizona State University and President, American Counseling Association

The Second Edition of Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents has been completely revised and expanded to provide the most up-to-date and extensive coverage of prejudice and racism available. The new edition of this bestselling text presents a comprehensive overview of these topics and also includes practical tools for combating prejudice development in children, adolescents, and adults.

Key Features:

  • Stresses the importance of critical role models: The text emphasizes the critical role counselors, educators, and parents must play in the fight against prejudice and racism. Pragmatic in nature, the book includes strategies that can be used by parents, teachers, and counselors in working to reduce prejudice across the lifespan.
  • Encourages healthy identity development: The text reviews an extensive body of empirical research on the link between identity development, prejudice, and mental health. The book summarizes racial, biracial, multiracial, and gay and lesbian identity models. A major new theory highlights the link of multicultural personality development to prejudice-free attitudes and behavior as well as to quality of life.
  •  Offers field-tested tools: The text provides concrete, easy to implement exercises on preventing prejudice and increasing multicultural awareness. In addition, the book includes a review of tests and instruments that measure prejudice and a list of films and books that serve as a resource guide for readers. The authors draw on theory and research in social, developmental, counseling, and cross-cultural psychology as well as in sociology and education.  

Intended Audience: This text is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on prejudice and racism in the fields of multicultural education, counseling, social work, developmental psychology, and human development. It is also an ideal resource for teachers, counselors, administrators, managers, and parents.


 
Foreword by James M. Jones
 
Preface
 
Acknowledgments
 
Part I. Prejudice and Racism: Prevalence and Consequences
 
1. Understanding Prejudice and Racism
The Problem of Hate

 
Purpose and Focus of This Book

 
Some Important Definitions

 
Understanding Prejudice

 
Understanding Racism

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
2. Some Historical Background on the Origins and Evolution of Racial Prejudice
Prehistoric Roots of Racial Prejudice

 
Origins of Modern Racial Prejudice

 
Evolution of Racial Prejudice

 
Implications for Prejudice Reduction

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
3. Causes and Consequences of Racial Prejudice
Racism and White Americans

 
Racism and the Black Experience

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
Part II. Racial, Biracial, Multiracial, and Lesbian and Gay Identity Development and the Multicultural Personality
 
4. Person of Color (Minority) Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice
Erikson's and Marcia's Models of Identity Development

 
Hardiman's Stages of Social Identity Development

 
General Models of Minority Identity Development

 
Race- and Ethnicity-Specific Models of Minority Identity Development

 
Integration of Identity Models and Relationship to Mental Health and Prejudice

 
Summary of Research Correlates of Identity Stages

 
 
5. European American (White) Racial Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice
Hardiman's White Identity Development Model

 
Helms' White Racial Identity Model

 
Ponterotto's White Racial Consciousness Development Model

 
Rowe, Bennett, and Atkinson's White Racial Consciousness Model

 
Integrative Models of White Racial Identity

 
Why Is White Racial Identity Development Important? What Does the Research Say?

 
 
6. Biracial, Multiracial, and Gay or Lesbian Identity Development
Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development

 
Models of Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development

 
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Development

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
7. Multicultural Personality Development
What Is the Multicultural Personality?

 
How Does the Multicultural Personality Relate to Broader Models of Personality?

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
Part III. Proactive Roles in Reducing Prejudice
 
8. Counselor Roles in Prejudice Reduction and Race Relations
Traditional Roles of the Counselor

 
Counselor Skills and Prejudice Prevention Work

 
Counselor Roles in Working With Prejudice

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
9. Teacher Roles in Prejudice Reduction
Teacher- and Student-Centered Strategies for Reducing Prejudice

 
Using Curricula and Instructional Techniques to Reduce Prejudice

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
10. Parent Roles in Prejudice Reduction
Children and Prejudice

 
Early Formation of Racial Attitudes and Preferences

 
How Do Parents, Peers, and Personality Influence Prejudice Levels in Children?

 
What Parents Can Do to Promote Tolerance in Their Children

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
Part IV. Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction
An Orientation to Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction

 
 
11. Race Relations in Elementary and Middle Schools
Exercise 1: The Label Game

 
Exercise 2: Patterns of Difference

 
Exercise 3: Symbols of Our Culture

 
Exercise 4: One Situation But Many Interpretations

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
12. Race Relations in High School
Exercise 5: Being Normal and Being Abnormal

 
Exercise 6: Stereotypes

 
Exercise 7: Personal Culture History

 
Exercise 8: Predicting the Decision of a Resource Person From the Community

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
13. Race Relations on the College Campus
Exercise 9: A Classroom Debate

 
Exercise 10: Analysis of a Newspaper Article Through Role Playing

 
Exercise 11: Designing a Multiethinic Simulation

 
Exercise 12: Lump Sum

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
14. Race Relations in the Community
Exercise 13: Critical Incidents

 
Exercise 14: The Intrapersonal Cultural Grid

 
Exercise 15: The Interpersonal Cultural Grid

 
Exercise 16: Outside "Experts"

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
Part V. Instruments and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work
 
15. Assessments of Prejudice, Cultural Competence, Stressful Effects of Racism, Racial and Ethnic Identity, and the Multicultural Personality
Measures of Racism, Prejudice, and Homophobia

 
Measures of Multicultural Counseling Competence

 
Measures of Teachers' Multicultural Competence

 
Measures of the Stressful Effects of Racism

 
Measures of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development

 
Measures of the Multicultural Personality

 
Guidelines for Selecting Multicultural Instruments

 
 
16. A Race Awareness Resource Guide
National Organizations

 
Books

 
Films and Videos

 
Popular Movies

 
Working With Films and Books

 
Chapter Summary

 
 
Appendix I: The Quick Discrimination Index (QDI)
 
Appendix II: Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS)
 
Appendix III: Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey (TMAS)
 
Appendix IV: Index of Race-Related Stress–Brief Version (IRRS-B)
 
References
 
Author Index
 
Subject Index
 
About the Authors

From the Foreword: Cultural diversity and multiculturalism are not just slogans, they are reality and promise. The first edition of Preventing Prejudice was a bold and important effort to address these complex problems. Its success was heralded by the prestigious award for "Outstanding Book on the Subject of Human Rights in North America." Ponterotto, Utsey and Pedersen took this outstanding work, and expanded and improved on it. Preventing Prejudice is based on theory and research. It is also based on practice and experience, and it is informed by the people it is meant to reach. What do people really think, or know or feel? Are you racist because you are white? Are you immune from racism if you are gay? Doesn’t embracing your ethnic or racial group make you prone to bias against other groups? And, therefore, isn’t advocating racial identity a threat to the very sensitive awareness of others advocated here? Are you better or worse off psychologically if you belong to multiple racial categories? And is there a personality type that supersedes and triumphs over it all? Preventing Prejudice addresses these questions and issues and many more with direct, clear and cogent ideas and instruction. The reader will not just know the answer; she will know what to do about it.

James M. Jones, Ph.D.
University of Delaware

Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have put together a book that has the potential to make an important impact in our world. Representing a dramatic improvement over the award-winning first edition, the authors have written a comprehensive book on prejudice prevention based on current theories and research in psychology and education. Remarkably, although reflecting the highest degrees of scholarship, this book offers easy access to a wide range of audiences including counselors, educators, administrators, and teachers. In deed, this book is a must-read for anyone who is interested in reducing prejudice and all types of -isms (e.g., racism, heterosexism, and sexism) in our world.

Bryan S. K. Kim, Ph.D.
University of California, Santa Barbara

Readers of the first edition will welcome this extensively revised and expanded volume, especially the attention given to the Multicultural Personality. While retaining its foundation in racial and ethnic identity development, this work equips teachers, counselors and parents with practical skills to be deliberate and intentional in preventing prejudice. Readers with particular interest in biracial, multiracial, and gay/lesbian identity development will find this book especially helpful in addressing concerns relevant to those populations. The section on Instruments and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work is particularly useful for professionals working in the area of prejudice prevention.

Don. C. Locke, Ed.D.
North Carolina State University

The Second Edition of Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents is a critical reference for those conducting research and training aimed to understand, reduce, and ultimately prevent prejudice. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen provide a careful review of history, definitions, theory, research, and application issues. They also add to the focus on racial and ethnic identity development by integrating theoretical and empirical developments on biracial, multiracial, and lesbian/gay identity development. Furthermore, they provide conceptual definition, elaboration, and operationalization of the concept of multicultural personality. An important and unique feature of the text is its presentation of creative exercises aimed to increase multicultural awareness and reduce prejudice in different age groups. In addition, the authors provide a rich range of resources for research and personal development including books, professional organizations, popular movies, and films as well as selected instruments to measure critical constructs in the study and prevention of prejudice. The broad scholarly scope and applicability of this text is truly impressive

Bonnie Moradi, Ph.D.
University of Florida

This expanded and updated version of Preventing Prejudice provides a wealth of information about the causes, manifestations, and correlates of prejudice as well as practical suggestions for activities aimed at reducing or preventing prejudice. Integrating evidence from a wide variety of sources, it is a valuable resource for both researchers and educators.

Jean S. Phinney, Ph.D.
California State University, Los Angeles

At a time in the field when everyone clamors to be included in the discussion about diversity and multiculturalism, Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen bring us back to our historical roots in this book. They remind us that to participate in the discourse, discerning the nature of prejudice and racism and its psychological effects on ethnic and racial groups is at our core. And, if we fail in our appreciation of this concept, then our ability to prevent prejudice becomes suspect.

Donald B. Pope-Davis, Ph.D.
University of Notre Dame

This important book is as much about promoting human potential and dignity as it is about preventing prejudice. The ideas presented by Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have implications for the welfare of all oppressed, disenfranchised, and marginalized people. While laying a sound conceptual and research foundation, the authors provide practical exercises and reader-friendliness for a variety of constituents.

Charles R. Ridley, Ph.D.
Indiana University

More than a decade since the publication of the first edition of Preventing Prejudice, Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen give a much needed fresh look at the complexities of prejudice that continue to plague our society. Their book highlights hands-on remedies for counselors, educators, and parents. The text provides outstanding activities and instruction on creating contexts for change. This book is a MUST READ!

Lisa A. Suzuki, Ph.D.
New York University

Preventing Prejudice is a must read for anyone dealing with racism and monoculturalism in today’s society. Theoretically based with relevant and masterful practical application, the authors provide teachers, parents, researchers and practitioners the necessary tools to understand and fight prejudice. I especially like the application to parents in working with their children around issues of racism and prejudice.

Daniel T. Sciarra, Ph.D.
Hofstra University

Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents, Second Edition, is a courageous landmark book, in which nationally and internationally known authors have taken on a daunting challenge to combat the Hydra of Prejudice that raises its ugly heads in insidious ways in many painful "-isms." In this definitive and monumental textbook on prejudice, Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have reaffirmed their commitment to enhance their manifesto of social justice, racial equities, and human rights through proactive approaches. At the cusp of the new millennium, when problems of color and culture lines are still causing a pervasive and destructive American Dilemma resulting in interracial hate, fears, violence, and people’s abuse, this book is a much needed and welcome addition to the field of helping professions. Through their 'tour de force' of prejudice and quintessential concepts of multicultural scholarship, these authors have created a compendium of tools, and a constellation of practical and concrete strategies that are designed to intervene and prevent the scourge of prejudice. In Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents, Second Edition, the authors have presented their new ideas on how to combat and prevent prejudice through a most impressive, persuasive, and systematic manner, written with rare lucidity, grace, and stunning clarity. It also demonstrates tremendous depth, perception, and insight into the issues relating to prejudice and its multiple related problems. This second edition has been expanded to include many new constructs of paramount importance from the multicultural personality, leading models of identity development, and African-Centered Psychology. Preventing Prejudice reflects a happy blending of didactic and experiential exercises. Inclusiveness and comprehensiveness are the hallmarks of this book. It is rich in detail and in many ways it is original, profound and provocative and destined to become one of the classic books and shining stars in the galaxy of multicultural counseling. This is superb, comprehensive, and an indispensable book both for the novice and the experienced mental health professionals. It will become a desk reference for many clinicians working with multicultural populations to provide fascinating insights and enlarge their understanding about the Hydra of Prejudice.

Daya Singh Sandhu, Ed.D.
University of Louisville, Kentucky
Key features
  • Provides an understanding of the roots, causes, and consequences of prejudice and racism on the individual and on society
  • Outlines effective exercises and programs aimed at increasing multicultural awareness
  • Reviews tools, assessments, and resources that can help counselors, educators, administrators, and parents increase tolerance and reduce prejudice
  • New edition includes expanded coverage and a more accessible writing style

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 1

Chapter 3

Chapter 5


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