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Experimental Design in the Behavioral and Social Sciences
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Experimental Design in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Four Volume Set
Edited by:
February 2013 | 1 624 pages | SAGE Publications Ltd
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This collection brings together literature to inform researchers about the many issues that have influenced and continue to refine the use of experimental designs in the behavioral and social sciences. The collection includes articles, primarily from scholarly journals, that highlight perspectives of recognized leaders on historical, theoretical, methodological, and pragmatic considerations affecting the role of experimental designs within the behavioral and social sciences. The selected articles are problem-focused, include illustrative examples and provide comprehensible input for a broad audience spanning multiple disciplines.
 
VOLUME ONE: THE EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH
 
PART ONE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON EXPERIMENTS IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
John Stuart Mill
Excerpts from A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation
Emile Durkheim
Rules for the Demonstration of Sociological Proof and Conclusion
F.S. Chapin
Design for Social Experiments
E.G. Boring
The Role of Theory in Experimental Psychology
Henry Riecken and Robert Boruch
Social Experiments
Robert Brown
The Delayed Birth of Social Experiments
 
PART TWO: THE NOMOTHETIC-IDIOGRAPHIC DEBATE ON THE NATURE OF BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Alfred Schutz
Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences
James Lamiell
'Nomothetic' and 'Idiographic'
Contrasting Windelband's Understanding with Contemporary Usage

 
Immanuel Wallerstein
History in Search of Science
R. Lee Lyman and Michael O'Brien
Nomothetic Science and Idiographic History in 20th Century Americanist Anthropology
 
PART THREE: LABORATORY VERSUS NATURAL SETTINGS IN THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
M. Freilich
The Natural Experiment, Ecology and Culture
D.T. Campbell
Reforms as Experiments
J. Greenberg and E.C. Tomlinson
Situated Experiments in Organizations
Transplanting the Lab to the Field

 
T. Dunning
Improving Causal Inference
Strengths and Limitations of Natural Experiments

 
 
PART FOUR: CONSTRAINTS ON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
Herbert Simon
Cognitive Science
The Newest Science of the Artificial

 
H.W. Riecken and R.F. Boruch
Social Experiments
V.L. Smith
Economics in the Laboratory
Rose McDermott
Experimental Methods in Political Science
L.V. Hedges
How Hard is Hard Science, How Soft is Soft Science?
The Empirical Cumulativeness of Research

 
 
VOLUME TWO: HYPOTHESIS-TESTING AND INFERENCE IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 
PART ONE: ON THE HISTORY OF HYPOTHESIS-TESTING IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
F. Yates
Sir Ronald Fisher and the Design of Experiments
Ronald Fisher
Statistical Methods and Scientific Induction
J. Neyman
'Inductive Behavior' as a Basic Concept of Philosophy of Science
E.L. Lehmann
The Fisher, Neyman-Pearson Theories of Testing Hypotheses
One Theory or Two?

 
 
PART TWO: REASONING PROCESSES IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE HYPOTHESIS-TESTING
Lola Lopes
Doing the Impossible
A Note on Induction and the Experience of Randomness

 
Joshua Klayman and Young-Won Ha
Confirmation, Disconfirmation and Information in Hypothesis-Testing
Hillel Einhorn and Robin Hogarth
Judging Probable Cause
James Berger and Donald Berry
Statistical Analysis and the Illusion of Objectivity
 
PART THREE: NULL HYPOTHESIS SIGNIFICANCE TESTING IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH
Jacob Cohen
The Earth Is Round
Robert Rosenthal
The 'File Drawer Problem' and Tolerance for Null Results
Jeff Gill
The Insignificance of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
Gerd Gigerenzer
Mindless Statistics
John Kruschke
What to Believe
Bayesian Methods for Data Analysis

 
 
PART FOUR: POWER AND EFFECT SIZE IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES HYPOTHESIS-TESTING
Bruce Thompson
'Statistical,' 'Practical', and 'Clinical'
How Many Kinds of Significance Do Counselors Need to Consider?

 
Jacob Cohen
A Power Primer
Roger Kirk
Effect Magnitude
A Different Focus

 
R.L. Rosnow and R. Rosenthal
Effect Sizes
Why, When and How to Use Them

 
 
VOLUME THREE: CONTROLS AND CONFOUNDS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EXPERIMENTS
 
PART ONE: SAMPLE SELECTION AND ASSIGNMENT IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman
Belief in the Law of Small Numbers
Christopher Winship and Robert Mare
Models for Sample Selection Bias
James Heckman and Jeffrey Smith
Assessing the Case for Social Experiments
Gregory Miller and Jean Chapman
Misunderstanding Analysis of Covariance
 
PART TWO: THE CONTROL GROUP IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Ann Oakley
Experimentation and Social Interventions
A Forgotten but Important History

 
Bruce Meyer
Natural and Quasi-Experiments in Economics
Arianne Verhagen et al
The Delphi List
A Criteria List for Quality Assessment of Randomized Clinical Trials for Conducting Systematic Reviews Developed by Delphi Consensus

 
Judith Gueron
The Politics of Random Assignment
Implementing Studies and Affecting Policy

 
 
PART THREE: GENERALIZABILITY AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Glenn Bracht and Gene Glass
The External Validity of Experiments
Bobby Calder, Lynn Phillip and Alice Tybout
Designing Research for Application
Leonard Berkowitz and Edward Donnerstein
External Validity Is More Than Skin Deep
Some Answers to Criticisms of Laboratory Experiments

 
Robin Hogarth
The Challenge of Representative Design in Psychology and Economics
 
PART FOUR: EXPECTANCY EFFECTS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Martin Orne
On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment - with Particular Referent to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications
Stephen Jones
Was There a Hawthorne Effect?
Lee Jussim and Kent Harber
Teacher Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Knowns and Unknowns, Resolved and Unresolved Controversies

 
Fabrizio Benedetti et al
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
 
PART FIVE: CONTEXT AND CAUSALITY IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Leslie Kish
Some Statistical Problems in Research Design
Barbara Perdue and John Summers
Checking the Success of Manipulations in Marketing Experiments
William Cooper and Alan Richardson
Unfair Comparisons
Russell Gersten et al
Quality Indicators for Group Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Special Education
 
VOLUME FOUR: DESIGN CHOICES AND FUTURE DRECTIONS IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
 
PART ONE: BETWEEN-SUBJECTS VERSUS WITHIN-SUBJECTS DESIGNS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Michael Mahoney
Experimental Methods and Outcome Evaluation
Anthony Greenwald
Within-Subjects Designs
To Use or Not to Use?

 
Michael Birnbaum
How to Show That 9> 221
Collect Judgments in a Between-Subjects Design

 
Gary Charness, Uri Gneezy and Michael Kuhn
Experimental Methods
Between-Subject and Within-Subject Design

 
 
PART TWO: MULTIVARIATE DESIGNS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Ralph Rosnow and Robert Rosenthal
Definition and Interpretation of Interaction Effects
Reuben Baron and David Kenny
The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research
Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations

 
Steven Spencer, Mark Zanna and Geoffrey Fong
Establishing a Causal Chain
Why Experiments Are Often More Effective Than Mediational Analyses in Examining Psychological Processes

 
R.P. Bagozzi and Youjae Yi
On the Use of Structural Equation Models in Experimental Designs
 
PART THREE: MODELING AND SUMMARIZING EXPERIMENTAL DATA IN THE BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
C.M. Judd, G.H. McClelland and S.E. Culhane
Data Analysis
Continuing Issues in the Everyday Analysis of Psychological Data

 
David Draper
Inference and Hierarchical Modeling in the Social Sciences
Frederick Mosteller and Graham Colditz
Understanding Research Synthesis (Meta-Analysis)
Meow Lan Evelyn Chan and Richard Arvey
Meta-Analysis and the Development of Knowledge
 
PART FOUR: ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Philip Zimbardo
Ethics of Intervention in Human Psychological Research - with Special Reference to Stanford Prison Experiment
Robert Rosenthal
Science and Ethics in Conducting, Analyzing and Reporting Psychological Research
S.R. Benatar
Reflections and Recommendations on Research Ethics in Developing Countries
Jeremy Gray and Paul Thompson
Neurobiology of Intelligence
Science and Ethics

 
 
PART FIVE: PROGRESS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
Paul Sniderman and Douglas Grob
Innovations in Experimental Design in Attitude Surveys
Michael Birnbaum
Human Research and Data Collection via the Internet
William Hanson et al
Mixed-Methods Research Designs in Counseling Psychology
James Druckman et al
The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science
Marco Janssen et al
Lab Experiments for the Study of Social-Ecological Systems

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