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Representation
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Representation
Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices

Second Edition
Edited by:


May 2013 | 440 pages | SAGE Publications Ltd
Since 1997 Representation has been the key go-to textbook for students learning the tools to question and critically analyze institutional and media texts and images. This long-awaited Second Edition:

• update and refreshes the approach to theories of representation by signalling key developments in the field

• addresses the emergence of new technologies and formats of representation, from the internet and the digital revolution to reality TV

• includes an entirely new chapter on celebrity culture and personalisation, to debates about representation and democracy, and involve illustrations of an intertextual nature, cutting across various technologies and formats in which 'the real' or the authentic makes an appearance

• offers new exercises, new readings, new images and examples for a new generation of students

This book will once again prove an indispensible resource for students and teachers in cultural and media studies.


Stuart Hall
THE WORK OF REPRESENTATION
 
Representation, Meaning and Language
Making Meaning, Representing Things

 
Language and Representation

 
Sharing the Codes

 
Theories of Representation

 
The Language of Traffic Lights

 
Summary

 
 
Saussure's Legacy
The Social Part of Language

 
Critique of Saussure's Model

 
Summary

 
 
From Language to Culture: Linguistics to Semiotics
Myth Today

 
 
Discourse, Power and the Subject
From Language to Discourse

 
Historicizing Discourse: Discursive Practices

 
From Discourse to Power/Knowledge

 
Summary: Foucault and Representation

 
Charcot and the Performance of Hysteria

 
 
Where is the 'Subject'?
How to Make Sense of Velasquez' Las Meninas

 

The Subject of/in Representation

 
 
Conclusion: Representation, Meaning and Language Reconsidered
READING A: Norman Bryson, 'Language, reflection and still life'

 
READING B: Roland Barthes, 'The world of wrestling'

 
READING C: Roland Barthes, 'Myth today'

 
READING D: Roland Barthes, 'Rhetoric of the image'

 
READING E: Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, New reflections on the revolution of our time

 
READING F: Elaine Showalter, 'The performance of hysteria'

 
Frances Bonner
RECORDING REALITY: DOCUMENTARY FILM AND TELEVISION
 
Introduction
 
What Do We Mean By 'Documentary'?
Non-fiction Texts

 
Defining Documentary

 
 
Types of Documentary
Categorising Documentary

 
Alternative Categories

 
Ethical Documentary Film-making

 
 
Dramatisation and the Documentary
Scripting and Re-enactment in the Documentary

 
Docudrama

 
 
Documentary - An Historic Genre?
'Postdocumentary'?

 
Docusoaps

 
Reality TV

 
 
Natural History Documentaries
Documenting Animal Life

 
 
Conclusion
READING A: Nichols Bill, 'The Qualities of Voice'

 
READING B: John Corner, 'Performing the real: documentary diversions'

 
READING C: Derek Bousé, 'Historia Fabulosus'

 
Henrietta Lidchi
THE POETICS AND THE POLITICS OF EXHIBITING OTHER CULTURES
 
Introduction
 
Establishing Definitions, Negotiating Meanings, Discerning Objects
Introduction

 
What is a 'Museum'?

 
What is an 'Ethnographic Museum'?

 
Objects and Meanings

 
The Uses of Text

 
Questions of Context

 
Summary

 
 
Fashioning Cultures: The Poetics of Exhibiting
Introduction

 
Introducing Paradise

 

Paradise Regained

 
Structuring Paradise

 

Paradise: The Exhibit as Artefact

 
The Myths of Paradise

 

Summary

 
 
Captivating Cultures: The Politics of Exhibiting
Introduction

 
Knowledge and Power

 
Displaying Others

 
Museums and the Construction of Culture

 
Colonial Spectacles

 
Summary

 
 
Devising New Models: Museums and Their Futures
Introduction

 
Anthropology and Colonial Knowledge

 
The Writing of Anthropological Knowledge

 
Collections as Partial Truths

 
Museums and Contact Zones

 
Art, Artefact and Ownership

 
 
Conclusion
READING A: John Tradescant the younger, 'Extracts from the Musaeum Tradescantianum'

 
READING B: Elizabeth A. Lawrence, 'His very silence speaks: the horse who survived Custer's Last Stand'

 
READING C: Michael O'Hanlon, 'Paradise: portraying the New Guinea Highlands'

 
READING D: James Clifford, 'Paradise'

 
READING E: Annie E. Coombes, 'Material culture at the crossroads of knowledge: the case of the Benin "bronzes'"

 
READING F: John Picton, 'To see or Not To See! That is the Question'

 
Stuart Hall
THE SPECTACLE OF THE 'OTHER'
 
Introduction
Heroes or Villains?

 
Why Does 'Difference' Matter?

 
 
Racializing the 'Other'
Commodity Racism: Empire and the Domestic World

 
Meanwhile, Down on the Plantation ...

 
Signifying Racial 'Difference'

 
 
Staging Racial 'Difference': 'And the Melody Lingered On...'
Heavenly Bodies

 
 
Stereotyping as a Signifying Practice
Representation, Difference and Power

 
Power and Fantasy

 
Fetishism and Disavowal

 
 
Contesting a Recialized Regime of Representation
Reversing the Stereotypes

 
Positive and Negative Images

 
Through the Eye of Representation

 
 
Conclusion
READING A: Anne McClintock, 'Soap and commodity spectacle'

 
READING B: Richard Dyer, 'Africa'

 
READING C: Sander Gilman, 'The deep structure of stereotypes'

 
READING D: Kobena Mercer, 'Reading racial fetishism'

 
Sean Nixon
EXHIBITING MASCULINITY
 
Introduction
 
Conceptualizing Masculinity
Plural Masculinities

 
Thinking Relationally

 
Invented Categories

 
Summary

 
 
Discourse and Representation
Discourse, Power/Knowledge and the Subject

 
 
Visual Codes of Masculinity
'Street Style'

 
'Italian-American'

 
'Conservative Englishness'

 
Summary

 
 
Spectatorship and Subjectivization
Psychoanalysis and Subjectivity

 
Spectatorship

 
The Spectacle of Masculinity

 
The Problem with Psychoanalysis and Film Theory

 
Techniques of the Self

 
 
Consumption and Spectatorship
Sites of Representation

 
Just Looking

 
Spectatorship, Consumption and the 'New Man'

 
 
Conclusion
READING A: Steve Neale, 'Masculinity as spectacle'

 
READING B: Sean Nixon, 'Technologies of looking: retailing and the visual'

 
Christine Gledhill with Vicky Ball
GENRE AND GENDER: THE CASE OF SOAP OPERA
 
Introduction
 
Representation and Media Fictions
Fiction and Everyday Life

 
Fiction as Entertainment

 
But is it Good For You?

 
 
Mass Culture and Gendered Culture
Women's Culture and Men's Culture

 
Images of Women vs. Real Women

 
Entertainment as a Capitalist Industry

 
Dominant Ideology, Hegemony and Cultural Negotiation

 
The Gendering of Cultural Forms: High Culture vs. Mass Culture

 
 
Genre, Representation and Soap Opera
The Genre System

 
The Genre Product

 
Genre and Mass-produced Fiction

 
Genre as Standardization and Differentiation

 
The Genre Product as Text

 
Genres and Binary Differences

 
Genre Boundaries

 
Signification and Reference

 
Cultural Verisimilitude, Generic Gerisimilitude and Realism

 
Media Production and Struggles for Hegemony

 
Summary

 
 
Genres for Women: Te Case of Soap Opera
Genre, Soap Opera and Gender

 
The Invention of Soap Opera

 
Women's Culture

 
Soap Opera as Women's Genre

 
Soap Opera's Binary Oppositions

 
Serial Form and Gender Representation

 
Soap Opera's Address to the Female Audience

 
Talk vs. Action

 
Soap Opera's Serial World

 
Textual Address and the Construction of Subjects

 
The Ideal Spectator

 
Female Reading Competence

 
Cultural Competence and the Implied Reader of the Text

 
The Social Audience

 
 
Conclusion
Soap Opera: A Woman's Form No More?

 
Dissolving Genre Boundaries and Gendered Negotiations

 
READING A: Tania Modleski, 'The search for tomorrow in today's soap operas'

 
READING B: Charlotte Brunsdon, 'Crossroads: notes on soap opera'

 
READING C: Su Holmes and Deborah Jermyn 'Why not Wife Swap?

 
 
Index

The module will not be running in the academic session 2015-16. Next time it does, I will use the book as supplemental reading - as it was used in 2014-15. The book is comprehensive and accessible for students - a great text.

Dr Carol Ekinsmyth
Dept of Geography, Portsmouth University
February 27, 2015

Hall's work has, in the past few years, risen to become an instrumental account of the cultural and symbolic nature of social interactions underlying the very ways in which we understand our world. This volume is true to his heritage: precise, in-depth, and recommended for all, both the experienced and the novice.

Professor Pedro Neto
Audiovisual and Multimedia, School of Communication and Media
February 21, 2015

I use this to help me plan lessons and refer to it in lessons when teaching about representation. (AS/A Level & BTEC)

Miss Emma Orgar
Media, Capital City Academy
January 27, 2015

It's a great source for Cultural Studies course. Hall provides essential reading for graduate students in film studies/media studies with his book.

Dr Sermin Tag Kalafatoglu
Department of Cinema and Television, Ordu University
December 26, 2014

I am recommending this as supplemental reading for students interested in social representations of disability.

Dr David Preece
School of Education, Northampton University
September 27, 2014

Outside the scope of my class

Professor Roberto Bello
Marketing , University of Lethbridge
September 23, 2014

an interesting & useful text

Dr Kathryn Kinmond
Dept of Interdisciplinary Studies, Manchester Metro Univ. (Crewe)
September 23, 2014

Essential foundational reading for my fourth year and MA students.

Professor Beschara Karam
Department of Communicatin Science, University of South Africa
August 12, 2014

My schedule was switched around and I will not be teaching an intercultural course in the Fall. However, I may use this book the next time I teach the course.

Dr Jennifer Morrison
Communications Studies Dept, San Jose State University
July 17, 2014

Great book, although here and there the examples are a bit dated (especially in the soap chapter --> Cagney and Lacey). What is also missing, unfortunately, is some reflections on new media/the internet. Adding a chapter would definitely be appreciated (or other chapter instead of chapter 6 on soap).

Ms Liesbeth Minnaard
Comparative Literature, Leiden Univ.
July 16, 2014

Sample Materials & Chapters

Representation: The Work of Representation


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