Preface for the Third Edition
Acknowledgments
Dan Okada
1. Introduction : Is It Possible to Prepare for a Criminal Justice Future?
PART I. ORIENTATION
Cyndi Banks
2. The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice
Ethical Criminal Justice Policy Making
Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas
Peter B. Kraska
3. Unleashing the Power of Criminal Justice Theory
The Power of Criminal Justice Theory for Our Discipline
Criminal Justice: A Worthy Object of Theorizing
Developing a Useful Theoretical Infrastructure
The Power of Theory to Transform Consciousness
The Power of Theory to Affect Public Explanations
Conclusion: Embracing Criminal Justice Theory
PART II. OFFENSES AND OFFENDERS
Leah E. Daigle
4. Victimology
The Typical Victimization and Victim
The Costs of Victimization
Mental Health Consequences and Costs
Theories of Victimization
Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theories
Structural Causes of Victimization
Victim Remedies and Services
David L. Parry
5. Juvenile Delinquency
Adolescent Development, Risk Factors, and Pathways to Delinquency
Normal Adolescent Behavior?
Risk and Protective Factors
Meda Chesney-Lind
6. Gender Matters: Trends in Girls’ Criminality
Delinquency: Gender Matters
Girls’ Crime, Girls’ Offenses
Girls’ Violence: When She Was Bad
Running Away: Girls Coping With Trauma and Abuse
Wild in the Streets: Girls, Drugs, and Alcohol
Shoplifting: You Shoplift as You Shop
Helen Taylor-Greene
7. Race and Crime
Definitional Complexities
Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Crime
Contemporary Issues in the Study of Race and Crime
Future Issues in the Study of Race and Crime
Richelle S. Swan
8. Popular Culture, Media, and Crime
Popular Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Popular Culture, Media, and Crime
Popular Methodological Approaches Used in the Study of Popular Culture, Media, and Crime
Important Research Themes in Studies of Popular Culture, Media, and Crime
Framing Gone Extreme: Moral Panics About Crime, Delinquency, and Popular Culture
Effects of Popular Culture and Media Consumption on Crime
Being Framed: The Skewed Representation of Social Groups in Crime Media and Entertainment
Mediating Oneself: Using Media and Popular Cultural Forms to Communicate Messages About Crime and Justice
Stephen L. Muzzatti and Maggie Reid
9. Crime and Economics: Consumer Culture, Criminology, and the Politics of Exclusion
A Specter Is Haunting Criminology . . .
Reading the Profane: Theorizing Crime and Capitalism
Banality and Viciousness in Late Modernity
Consuming Crime and Culture
Late Modernity, Crime, and Pseudopacification
Selling Crime, Marketing Transgression, and Commodifying Violence
Conclusion: Nothing to Lose But Our Chains
James C. Howell and Megan Qually Howell
10. Serious Gang Problems in the United States: What to Do?
Key Indicators of Serious Gang Activity
Contexts of Serious Gang Violence
Other Factors Associated With Gang Violence
Juvenile and Criminal Justice System Involvement of Gang Members
What Works in Combating Gang Violence
Alexa Sardina
11. Sex Offender Policies: Good Intentions and Unintended Consequences
Sex Offender Registration and Community Notification Laws
Does the Registry Prevent Sex Offenses?
Unintended Consequences of Registration, Notification, and Residence Restrictions Laws
The Civil Commitment of Sexually Violent Predators
Casey Branchini
12. Issues in the Fight Against Human Exploitation: A Look at Labor and Sex Trafficking
Human Trafficking Defined
Prosecution of Trafficking Crimes
Obstacles to the Prosecution of Trafficking Crimes
C. Augustus Martin
13. Terrorism
The Challenge of Defining Terrorism
What Is “New” About the New Terrorism?
Terrorism in the United States: The International Sources
Terrorism in the United States: The Domestic Sources
Responding to Terrorism: Homeland Security and Antiterrorism Laws
Johnny Nhan
14. Critical Issues in Cybercrime
Critical Issue: Hacking and Computer Network Security
Critical Issue: Darknets and the Deep Web
Critical Issue: The Internet Culture and Ethos
Research: Understanding Hackers’ Motivations
Critical Issue: Policing Cyberspace
Critical Issue: Digital Piracy
Critical Issue: Cyberbullying
PART III. POLICING/LAW ENFORCEMENT
Dawn M. Irlbeck, Connie M. Koski, and John P. Crank
15. Police Theory: Major Perspectives
Normative-Rational Theory
Gennaro F. Vito
16. A Vision of Contemporary Policing: Present Practices and Future Developments
The British Paradigm: Balancing Democratic Principles and the Military Model
Early American Police Paradigms
The Political Era Paradigm
Minorities and the Police
The Community and Problem-Oriented Policing Paradigms
The Intelligence-Led Policing Paradigm
The Smart Policing Initiative
Thomas Nolan
17. Police Organization and Administration
Origins of the Structural Model of Police Organizations
The Police and Militarization
Police Organization: Subculture, Ethos, and Milieu
Organization and Subculture: Initiation and Masculinism
Organizational Subculture and Moral Superiority
Police Organization: Autonomy and Authoritarianism
Federal Oversight of the Police
Police Administration and the Civil Service
Police Administration and Unions
PART IV. COURTS/LAW/JURISPRUDENCE
Janice Ahmad
18. Public Policy
Public Policy: The Formal Version
Sources of Criminal Justice Policy
Public Policy as It Is in Practice
The Use and Misuse of Public Policy
The Policy Implications of Public Policy
The Politicization of Public Policy
The Contributions of Academic Criminal Justice
Cassia Spohn
19. American Courts
Supreme Court Decisions and American Courts
The Sentencing Reform Movement
Specialized or Problem-Solving Courts: A Focus on Drug Courts
Conclusion: Policy Implications
Randall G. Shelden
20. The Juvenile Justice System
Special Issues Facing the Juvenile Justice System
Race, the War on Drugs, and Referrals to Juvenile Court
The Racial Composition of Juvenile Institutions
The Future of the Juvenile Court
Jennie K. Singer and Chelsea M. Johnson
21. Why Are There So Many Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System?
Prevalence of Mentally Ill Offenders
Are Jails and Prisons the New Mental Hospitals, or Are We Criminalizing Mental Illness?
The SMI Stay Longer in Jails and Prisons
The SMI in the Community: More Difficulty on Probation or on Parole?
Kim Schnurbush
22. Wrongful Convictions in the United States
Scope of Wrongful Convictions
History of Wrongful Convictions in the United States
Wrongful Conviction/Exoneration Case Examples
Wrongful Conviction Organizations/Movements
PART V. CORRECTIONS
Anthony Walsh and Ilhong Yun
23. The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
The Theoretical Underpinnings of Corrections
A Short History of Correctional Punishment
The Emergence of the Classical School
The Emergence of Positivism
The Function of Punishment
The Objectives of Corrections
The Past, Present, and Future of Corrections
Ming-Li Hsieh
24. Community Corrections: Rehabilitation, Reintegration, and Reentry
The Common Forms of Community Corrections
Probation: Progressive Reform and the Promise of Rehabilitation
Parole as Reward or Relief
Concerns Regarding Stakes: Risk Assessment and Prediction
Reintegration and Reentry
Factors Associated With Community Supervision Success and Failure
Ongoing Debates and Policy Implications
Lois Presser and Kyle Letteney
25. Restorative Justice in Theory
What Is Restorative Justice?
How Is Restorative Justice Supposed to Work?
Alan Mobley
26. Garbage In, Garbage Out? Convict Criminology, the Convict Code, and Participatory Prison Reform
Mass Incarceration in America
Factors Undermining the Convict Code/Formal Structure
Index
About the Editors
About the Contributors